About Ethereum
What is Ethereum?
Ethereum (ETH) is a programmable settlement network. ETH is both the native asset and the unit that pays for computation and storage. Unlike a ledger that only records transfers, contract code on Ethereum is executed by every node under the same rules, so a transaction produces the same result anywhere. The same separation applies when reading a price: ETH is the asset unit, the dollar is the quote unit, and an exchange print is one market at one moment.
Issuance and burn run at the same time
Ethereum has no fixed supply cap, which is where it departs from Bitcoin. New ETH is issued as staking rewards at a rate set by how many validators are active, while the base fee on every transaction is permanently burned under EIP-1559. The two forces point in opposite directions, so net supply depends on how busy the chain is: annual net issuance can be positive or negative, and it is not a curve written in advance. Reading supply here means reading both sides.
Proof of stake changed the type of risk
Since the 2022 Merge, Ethereum secures its ledger with staked ETH rather than hash power. A validator deposits 32 ETH to earn the right to propose and attest blocks, and misbehaviour is penalised by slashing part of that stake. That moves the cost of security from electricity to capital, and it changes what is worth watching: stake concentration, client diversity and exit queues replace miner geography and power prices.